The vulnerability of European regional labour markets to job automation: the role of agglomeration externalities

Automation is expected to have strong implications for labour-saving technologies. We calculate the proportion of jobs at high risk automation across European regions using data from 2018 Labour Force Survey (LFS). examine relationship between regional vulnerability job automation, specialization, related (and unrelated) variety and agglomeration. The results indicate that low benefit unrelated population density. Regions with higher proportions clerical support workers, craft trade plant machine operators assemblers are likely face greater disruption.